Biography of Zheng He, Chinese Admiral

Memoir of Zheng He, Chinese Admiral Zheng He (1371â€1433 or 1435) was a Chinese chief naval officer and wayfarer who drove a few journeys around the Indian Ocean. Researchers have regularly thought about how history may have been unique if the primary Portuguese adventurers to adjust the tip of Africa and move into the Indian Ocean had gotten together with the naval commanders tremendous Chinese armada. Today, Zheng He is viewed as something of a society legend, with sanctuaries in his respect all through Southeast Asia. Quick Facts: Zheng He Known For: Zheng He was an incredible Chinese chief naval officer who drove a few campaigns around the Indian Ocean.Also Known As: Ma HeBorn: 1371 in Jinning, ChinaDied: 1433 or 1435 Early Life Zheng He was conceived in 1371 in the city presently called Jinning in Yunnan Province. His given name was Ma He, demonstrative of his familys Hui Muslim starting points since Ma is the Chinese rendition of Mohammad. Zheng Hes extraordinary incredible granddad Sayyid Ajjal Shams al-Din Omar was a Persian legislative head of the area under the Mongolian Emperor Kublai Khan, organizer of the Yuan Dynasty that administered China from 1279 to 1368. Mama Hes father and granddad were both known as Hajji, the honorific title gave to Muslim men who make the hajj, orâ pilgrimage, to Mecca. Mama Hes father stayed faithful to the Yuan Dynasty even as the revolutionary powers of what might turn into the Ming Dynasty vanquished bigger and bigger wraps of China. In 1381, the Ming armed force executed Ma Hes father and caught the kid. At only 10 years of age, he was made into an eunuch and sent to Beiping (presently Beijing) to serve in the family of 21-year-old Zhu Di, the Prince of Yan who later turned into the Yongle Emperor. Mama He developed to be seven Chinese feet tall (likely around 6-foot-6), with a voice as noisy as a colossal ringer. He exceeded expectations at battling and military strategies, contemplated crafted by Confucius and Mencius, and before long got one of the sovereigns nearest compatriots. During the 1390s, the Prince of Yan propelled a progression of assaults against the resurgent Mongols, were based only north of his fiefdom. Zheng Hes Patron Takes the Throne The primary ruler of the Ming Dynasty, Prince Zhu Dis oldest sibling, passed on in 1398 in the wake of naming his grandson Zhu Yunwen as his replacement. Zhu Di didn't warmly embrace his nephews rise to the seat and drove a military against him in 1399. Mama He was one of his leaders. By 1402, Zhu Di had caught the Ming capital at Nanjing and crushed his nephews powers. He had himself delegated as the Yongle Emperor. Zhu Yunwen likely kicked the bucket in his consuming royal residence, in spite of the fact that gossipy tidbits continued that he had gotten away and turn into a Buddhist priest. Because of Ma Hes key job in the upset, the new sovereign granted him a manor in Nanjing just as the honorific name Zheng He. The new Yongle Emperor confronted genuine authenticity issues because of his seizure of the seat and the conceivable homicide of his nephew. As per Confucian convention, the primary child and his relatives ought to consistently acquire, however the Yongle Emperor was the fourth child. In this way, the courts Confucian researchers would not bolster him and he came to depend as a rule upon his corps of eunuchs, Zheng He the vast majority of all. The Treasure Fleet Sets Sail Zheng Hes most significant job in his lords administration was being the president of the new fortune armada, which would fill in as the sovereigns head emissary to the people groups of the Indian Ocean bowl. The Yongle Emperor named him to head the enormous armada of 317 throws out ran by more than 27,000 men that set out from Nanjing in the fall of 1405. At 35 years old, Zheng He had accomplished the most noteworthy position ever for an eunuch in Chinese history. With an order to gather tribute and set up attaches with rulers all around the Indian Ocean, Zheng He and his naval force set out for Calicut on Indias western coast. It would be the first of seven all out journeys of the fortune armada, all instructed by Zheng He, somewhere in the range of 1405 and 1432. During his profession as a maritime officer, Zheng He arranged tradeâ pacts, battled privateers, introduced manikin rulers, and brought back tribute for the Yongle Emperor as gems, meds, and fascinating creatures. He and his team voyaged and exchanged not just with the city-conditions of what are presently Indonesia, Malaysia, Siam, and India, yet additionally with the Arabian ports of current Yemen and Saudi Arabia. Despite the fact that Zheng He was raised Muslimâ and visited the places of worship of Islamic blessed men in Fujian Province and somewhere else, he likewise adored Tianfei, the Celestial Consort and defender of mariners. Tianfei had been a human lady living during the 900s who accomplished edification as a young person. Talented with prescience, she had the option to caution her sibling of a moving toward storm adrift, sparing his life. Last Voyages In 1424, the Yongle Emperor died. Zheng He had made six journeys in his name and brought back incalculable emissaries from remote terrains to bow before him, yet the expense of these outings weighed vigorously on the Chinese treasury. What's more, the Mongols and other roaming people groups were a consistent military danger along Chinas northern and western outskirts. The Yongle Emperors mindful and academic senior child, Zhu Gaozhi, turned into the Hongxi Emperor. During his nine-month rule, Zhu Gaozhi requested a conclusion to all cherish armada development and fixes. A Confucianist, he accepted that the journeys emptied a lot of cash out of the nation. He wanted to spend on battling off the Mongols and taking care of individuals in starvation assaulted regions. At the point when the Hongxi Emperor kicked the bucket not exactly a year into his reign in 1426, his 26-year-old child turned into the Xuande Emperor. A fair compromise between his glad, inconsistent granddad and his mindful, academic dad, the Xuande Emperor chose to send Zheng He and the fortune armada out once more. Passing In 1432, the 61-year-old Zheng He set out with his biggest armada ever for one last outing around the Indian Ocean, cruising right to Malindi on Kenyas east coast and halting at exchanging ports en route. On the arrival journey, as the armada cruised east from Calicut, Zheng He passed on. He was covered adrift, despite the fact that legend says that the team restored an interlace of his hair and his shoes to Nanjing for entombment. Inheritance In spite of the fact that Zheng He lingers as an overwhelming figure in present day eyes both in China and abroad, Confucian researchers made genuine endeavors to cancel the memory of the extraordinary eunuch naval commander and his journeys from history in the decades following his passing. They dreaded an arrival to the inefficient spending on such campaigns. In 1477, for instance, a court eunuch mentioned the records of Zheng Hes journeys with the goal of restarting the program, however the researcher responsible for the records disclosed to him that the reports had been lost. Zheng Hes story endure, in any case, in the records of team individuals including Fei Xin, Gong Zhen, and Ma Huan, who went on a few of the later journeys. The fortune armada additionally left stone markers at the spots they visited. Today, regardless of whether individuals see Zheng He as a seal of Chinese discretion and delicate force or as an image of the countrys forceful abroad development, all concur that the chief of naval operations and his armada remain among the extraordinary miracles of the antiquated world. Sources Bit, Frederick W. Imperial China 900-1800. Harvard University Press, 2003.Yamashita, Michael S., and Gianni Guadalupi. Zheng He: Tracing the Epic Voyages of Chinas Greatest Explorer. White Star Publishers, 2006.

Heat and Temperature Difference Essay Example

Warmth and Temperature Difference Essay Example Warmth and Temperature Difference Essay Warmth and Temperature Difference Essay Warmth and Temperature Difference BY abevl 23 Name: Date: Student Exploration: Heat Transfer by Conduction Vocabulary: conduction, convection, protect, radiation, warm conductor, warm vitality, warm cover Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE utilizing the Gizmo. ) Suppose two singing dish have been left on the oven with the burners on. One of the browning skillet has a metal handle and different has a wooden handle. 1 . Which handle do you figure you could securely contact? 2. For what reason do you figure one handle will be cooler than the other? Thingamabob Warm-up Heat, likewise called warm vitality, can be transmitted through space (radiation), by oving liquids (convection), or through direct contact. This last strategy, called conduction, is investigated in the Heat Transfer by Conduction Gizmow. To start, watch that Aluminum is chosen. Select the BAR CHART tab and turn on Show numerical qualities. 1. What is the underlying temperature of every measuring utencil? Measuring glass A 95 Beaker B 5 2. Snap Play ([pic]) and watch. A. What befalls the temperature of Beaker An after some time? Measuring utencil a goes down after some time. B. wnat nappens to tne temperature 0T Beaker B after some time? Measuring glass D goes up. 3. For what reason do you think the temperatures of Beaker An and Beaker B changed as they did? Due to conduction. I Aactivity A: [pic] I Get the Gizmo prepared: I Click Reset ([pic]). I Measuring heat move I Check that Aluminum is chosen. Question: How does the temperature distinction between two compartments identify with the pace of temperature change? 1 . Watch: Select the GRAPH tab and press Play. Hold up until the temperatures of the two recepticles are both near 50 oc, and utilize the zoom out catch ([pic]) to see the entire diagram. Sketch the diagram in the space at right. What does the diagram appear about the pace of temperature change after some time? 2. Structure theory: How would you think the temperature distinction between the eakers identifies with the pace of warmth move? 3. Assemble information: Select the TABLE tab. Snap Reset, and afterward click Play. Snap Pause ([pic]) at regular intervals (doesn't need to be definite). Each time you click Pause, record the temperature of every container and their temperature contrast in the table beneath. (To discover the temperature contrast, take away the temperature of measuring glass B from that of recepticle A. ) I Ilme (s) I Beaker A temp. I Beaker B temp. contrast (oc) 1 1100s I craps 1 1400s 1 1600s (Aactivity A proceeded next page) Aactivity A (proceeded from past page) lemp. . Compute: At each time, what is the aggregate of the temperatures in every measuring utencil? 5. Apply: In this reproduction, the measuring utencils are superbly protected. This mearns that no warm vitality (heat) is lost to the outside condition. In the event that the containers were not flawlessly protect ed, how would you figure the entirety of their temperatures would change after some time? Clarify. 6. Analyze: Compare the temperature changes in the 0-100 second interim to the 500-600 second interim. In the first place, record the temperature distinction toward the beginning of every interim. At that point, compute how much the temperature in every container changed during the interim. I Value 10-100 s interim 1500-600 s interim I emperature OITTerence at tne sta I interim IChange in Beaker A temperature IChange in Beaker B temperature tne time 7. Break down: How does the pace of temperature change rely upon the temperature distinction between the two containers? 8. Think and talk about: Why do you think the pace of temperature change doesn't remain steady after some time? In the event that conceivable, examine your answer with your instructor and cohorts. I Aactivity B: I Conductors and protectors ISelect the TABLE tab. Presentation: Materials that permit warmth to go through effectively are called warm conductors. Materials that oppose the exchange of warmth are called warm encasings. Questlon: wnlcn materlals are tne Dest conductors? wnlcn are tne most noticeably awful conductors? 1. Anticipate: In the Gizmo, you can utilize aluminum, copper, steel, or glass to interface the two protected measuring glasses. A. Which material do you think will be the best warm conductor? B. Which material do you think will be the best warm encasing? 2. Accumulate information: With Aluminum chose, click Play. Snap Pause after around 200 recreated seconds. Record the temperature of every recepticle at 200 seconds. Next, compute the temperature change of Beaker A. Rehash with every material to finish the table. I Material I Beaker A temp. at Beaker A temp. change (oc) seconds (oc) 3. Dissect: What does your information demonstrate? I Beaker B temp. at 1200 seconds (oc) I IAIuminum I ICopper I Glass 1200 4. Order: Which materials would you characterize as warm conductors, and which would you group as a cover? Which material was the best warm conductor? Warm conductors: Thermal protector: Best warm conductor: Apply: A great Trying skillet wlll transTer perfect qulcKly Trom tne oven Durner to tne food. In light of the aftereffects of the Gizmo, which material would be best for searing dish? Why?

A grab bag filled with a magical camp and the Big Apple

A grab bag filled with a magical camp and the Big Apple It’s official: my blogging hiatus has ended. It has been a crazy couple of weeks, filled with editing medical school applications (first drafts, second drafts, third drafts, galore!), trying to finish up my summer projects at the National Institutes of Health (I’m close, but it looks like I’ll be sticking around the lab for an extra week), presenting my research (2 poster presentations + a lab presentation), writing papers (coming soon to an MIT journal near you), working at Camp Kesem (it was a huge success, more info on it later), taking daily trips to the Au Bon Pain in the NIH Clinical Center (which I justify by the total savings of about $15 and a tree or two that I achieved by using a refillable mug), hanging out in New York City, and more. I’m really only getting slightly more sleep than I do at school and my caffeine intake is far too high, but the few breaks that I’ve had have been as glorious as the Charles River on a spring morning. As I sit on the train from New York to DC, the fact that I’m going to be a *senior* is slowly, and painfully, sinking in. Could it really be true that I only have one year left at the Institvte? Take me back to freshman orientation, when four years seemed like an eternity and the underground route from E25 to Lobby 7 seemed just about as real as dragons and reindeer (oh wait…) Now, those tunnels are just a warm, familiar respite from freezing midnight walks from Kendall; they are a home that I share with rats the size of cats. I have this problem where I really start to enjoy things just as they’re about to end. Maybe I just loosen up and become comfortable with my surroundings, or maybe I just forget all the bad things and reminisce endlessly about the good (my memory is funny like that.) So now that I am almost done with college, it’s time to do all the things that I should have done more often during the past three years. That means getting lost (I guess I’ll have to go out to the suburbs for that) and wandering on sidewalks for hours, having picnics by the river, playing Frisbee on Kresge lawn, doing psets on Killian Court, going to more events by the Lab for Chocolate Science, visiting Lansdowne Street, seeing the Boston Pops, and cheering/jeering at a Celtic’s game. It means inviting my professors to lunch and getting to know more of my classmates. It means doing whatever it takes to check every last box on my “101 Things To Do Before Graduating from MIT.” And, lucky for you, it also mean s blogging more frequently. But, you have to tell me what you want to hear. Want to hear more about my adventures in Boston or my class schedule? Ask and I shall try my darndest to answer (except for “How do I get into MIT?” I still don’t know what to say to that one.) This past week, I tried to implement my new “carpe diem” mentality. Last Thursday, I went to Boston to attend counselor training for Camp Kesem. As I wrote in a previous entry, Camp Kesem is a free summer camp for kids whose parents have/had cancer. It is an opportunity these kids to forget their worries by just having fun and meeting other people who have had the same experiences. This was MIT’s first year hosting the camp, and I think that it’s safe to declare that it was a huge success. Obviously, the logistics behind establishing a camp can be quite difficult facilities must be arranged, counselors must be interviewed and chosen, and campers must be recruited â€" but I think it is safe to say that our first year was a huge success. Before I go on, I would like to thank Daniel Hawkins, Diana Gallagher, and Shaye Storm for their generous donations that helped make the camp possible. So on August 12, the day camp started, I assumed my “camp identity” of Smile (everyone makes up a name for themselves and none of the campers knew our real names. I chose my camp name because it’s an anagram of my real name and I’m almost always smiling.) I spent the next five days with sixteen other MIT students, three administrators, and thirteen campers at a beautiful facility in Rhode Island. From 7:30 am to 10:30 pm, we sang camp songs, rotated between activities (drama, arts and crafts, sports, and nature), swam in the lake (the third cleanest in Rhode Island, I was told. It turns out that there are only five lakes in Rhode Island to begin with…!), played games, ate smores, and much more. I was responsible for arts and crafts, so I sat at a picnic table nestled between the trees and beside the lake and glued, cut, and drew for about three hours a day. I’m pretty sure that I’ll never get all the glitter out of my pants and hair (pictures of Julio and Vivian ’09 d oing arts and crafts below, all courtesy of Dan ‘10. Unfortunately, I cant put up pictures of the campers.) Some other highlights include our evening “cabin chats,” giant volleyball games (I broke the net on my first serve… though in my defense I never claimed to be athletic), meteor showers, and pie eating competitions. All of the campers were not only incredibly mature and conscientious, but also talented and hilarious. It was an experience that I think we will all remember. Hopefully next year we will have even more campers, and keep us in mind if you are interested in becoming a counselor! After Camp Kesem, I spent a few days in New York City before heading back home. The weather was incredible and I got to indulge in three of my favorite activities- walking around, eating at cafes, and window shopping. Thanks to my gracious hosts in NYC, I got to see new parts of it like Brooklyn (including Coney Island, where I ate a Nathan’s hot dog at the original location) and the Seaport District (which looks exactly like Boston’s Faneuil Hall.) ‘Twas awesome, and now it’s time to buckle down for one last week of my summer internship.

Pursuit of the American Dream in The Great Gatsby and in...

The American Dream has always been a driving force in the lives of Americans. It has become a foundation of ideals and hopes for any American or immigrant. Specifically, one of the ideals that always exist is the dream of America free of class distinction. Every American hopes for a society where every person has the opportunity to be whomever he or she desire. Another ideal in the American dream is the drive to improve the quality of life. As one’s idea of the American Dream gets closer and closer, often times political and social ideals of America cause their American Dream to take a turn for the worst. The American Dream has become a motive for success for both Americans and immigrants. The dream is what draws foreigners to†¦show more content†¦The American society expects only certain things from certain people, ruining the American Dream for residents of America. In The Great Gatsby, Myrtle represents the low and ignorant class of America. She is a model for citizen who tries to break the social barriers that the society puts up and pursues wealth by any means necessary. Although people that goes extend themselves outside of their social class is achieving the American Dream, the society has its limits. When Myrtle receives a compliment made about her dress, she acts snobbish and blows off the comment. Nick sees the act that Myrtle has put on just to be a part of the upper-class society. The people around her easily recognize Myrtle’s fraudulence. Similar to Myrtle, Troy Maxson soon realizes that the society has its limits that affect the American Dream. In Fences by August Wilson, Troy Maxson sees how African-Americans are suppressed in the society he lives in. He believes that all African-Americans are â€Å"born with two strikes on you before you come to the plate† (69). Troy is always cribbing about the disadvantages of being a African-American and how his American Dream of playing baseball was jaded by th ey society. For both Troy and Myrtle, they have both realized that with each society come political and social ideals that destroy their American Dream. Society has an ideal about the American Dream that as you get closer to your own American Dream, your quality of life isShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Fences By August Wilson1240 Words   |  5 Pagesyoung, they are told to â€Å"dream big† and â€Å"shoot for the stars†. Nothing seems impossible. As people grow older, they become more aware of reality and dim their childhood dreams to a more practical level. However, this light always remains in the back of their brain, keeping them wondering what if? What if they had continued to pursue this goal despite the likeliness of failure? Would it still be worth it? Fences by August Wilson tells the story of an impoverished African-American family in the 1950s andRead MoreFailure Of The American Dream In The Writings Of F. Scott Fitzgerald, Zora Neale Hurston, And Augu st Wilson1418 Words   |  6 PagesThis literary study will define the failure of the †American Dream† in the writings of F. Scott Fitzgerald, Arthur Miller, Zora Neale Hurston, and August Wilson. Fitzgerald’s account of the Jay Gatsby s rise to fame in the 1920s defines the failure of financial success as part of the American Dream. Gatsby will eventually die due to his excessive greed, which is not unlike the emotional death of Willy Loman as he fails to become a successful salesman in Author Miller’s Death of a Salesman. More

Native American Tribe The Tribes Of Now Arizona And New...

Starting in the 1400s, the Native American tribe called the Dineh occupied the territories of now Arizona and New Mexico. In their language, Dineh means â€Å"the people†, in which they call their homeland Dinetah. They got the name Navajo from the Spanish so that they wouldn t get confused with the Apache tribe, for they looked very much alike. The Navajo had a unique lifestyle and focused on art, religion, and farming. They had many conflicts with their neighbors and especially the United States Army. When they were relocated to different parts of the South, they had the integrity and unification to presume their traditions, especially their art and religion. The Navajo had a lifestyle that is not too diverse than the American style of living today. They lived in homes, raised livestock, and the public had roles that are a bit similar to ones in our society. They lived in cone shaped houses called hogans. At first, logs and poles were used as framework, but in later years, they used stone or adobe. The doorways always faced east so that the first thing the family saw was the morning sun. They also raised livestock to increase herds instead of the usual in which the tribe would use up the supply for food. They first received goats and sheep from the Spanish, in which they used for meat, milk, and wool. They also acquired horses at about the same time. Horses gave them greater mobility during raiding and hunting activity. The roles of the people are also similar to the worldShow MoreRelatedThe Apache Indians Long And Proud Culture1803 Words   |  8 PagesAs we know, the first Americans to inhabit what is now the United States was not the Europeans, but instead Native Americans. Part of our great nation’s history involves history that is not always so great. Our country has endured many wars, struggles, economic and agricultural hardship and history that many would call shameful. However, the United States has evolved over hundreds of years and has transcended its very existence and influenced every corner of the globe, because of those past hardshipsRead MoreThe Apache Indians Long And Proud Culture Essay2231 Words   |  9 PagesThe First Americans As we know, the first people to inhabit the United States were not the Europeans, but instead the Native Americans. Part of our great nation’s history involves a history that is not always so great. Our country has endured many wars, struggles, economic and agricultural hardship and a history that many would call shameful. However, the United States has evolved over hundreds of years and has transcended its very existence and influenced every corner of the globe, because of thoseRead MoreWar Between Europeans And Indians1745 Words   |  7 Pagesas, mutual feelings of being superior, have infused relations between Native Americans and non-Natives in North America. Intertribal conflicts among the Indians, and nationalistic rivalries, lacking faith, and expansion desires on the part of non-natives worsened these tensions. The resulting white and native conflicts often took a particularly bad turn and resulted in the near destruction of the native people(Native American). War between Europeans and Indians was common back in the 1600s. In 1622Read MoreArizona’s Historical Development2438 Words   |  10 Pagesdates back to thousands of years ago. Arizona holds the second largest amount of indigenous/ Native American population of any other state in the United States. One of the first groups of people to live on Arizona’s land was the Native Americans, or otherwise called the American Indians. These Natives came much before any of the Europeans, or the Spanish settlers came to Arizona. There were three main Native American groups that truly began the exploration of Arizona. These groups include the AnasaziRead MoreArizona s History And Government1131 Words   |  5 Pagesownership of land titles, Arizona has shed tears of joy and tears of fear. Enveloped in a war-like atmosphere within its society and its culture Arizona continues to find its own identity, filled with diversity and a more united way of living. Long before Mexicans and Europeans entered Arizona land, it was occupied by indigenous nations. These Indian tribes, also known as the Cochise tribes were made up of 3 specific groups: The Hohokam, Anazazi, and the Mogollon natives (Gawronski, 14). OriginatingRead MoreAlbert Kinsey Helped Change The American Public s Preconceptions On Sexuality935 Words   |  4 PagesEssay Question #2 Albert Kinsey helped change the American Public’s preconceptions on sexuality by publishing two bestselling books from 1947 to 1953 on the topic. 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McDonaldization of Society Free Essays

Ritzer’s theory of McDonaldization proposes a new interpretation of modern world order, social structure of society and business relations. Efficiency is one of the main components of McDonaldization. Ritzer (2000) explains: â€Å"McDonald’s offers efficiency, or the optimum method for getting from one point to another. We will write a custom essay sample on McDonaldization of Society or any similar topic only for you Order Now For consumers, this means that McDonald’s offers the best available way to get from being hungry to being full† (9). Efficiency helps companies to adopt particular cause of action. Efficiency means the best solution to meet the needs of parties involved. Efficiency involves the identification of a problem or issue which requires consideration. At this stage there will be a decision to do nothing or pursue the issue. For instance, fast food restaurants help customers to save time and money. People can buy meals in a short period of time ‘without leaving their cars’ (9). Efficiency can be explained as rationality, fast service delivery and low cost solutions.   Continued change is inevitable and likely to develop at an even faster rate. â€Å"The fast-food model offers people, or at least appears to offer them, an efficient method for satisfying many needs† (10). A salad bar is a vivid example of efficiency: a customer buys a plat and creates a salad himself. By keep ­ing the objectives in mind and always looking for ways in which both parties can work together to achieve their common objectives, it should be easier to reach a mutually acceptable service. If efficiency concept is followed, the company is required to identify possible courses of customers’ action to solve the problem. www.expedia.com is a travel agency which follows an efficiency principle in order to deliver quality services at low cost. ‘Self-service’ is the main tool used by Expedia Travel. A client can plan his trip or vocation according to his budget and wants. A client calculates the price of his trip himself and can reduce its cost choosing a cheaper hotel or flight. This self-service presents opportunities for diverse customer groups. This approach is interesting to everyone who wants to plan a good vocation at low cost. On the other hand, a client is forced to spend more time on planning and organizing process, mastering new technology and computer skills. The case of Expedia travel shows that in changing environment, the use of technology requires more problem solving skills and the ability to interpret data. Routine tasks requiring a low level of skill are disappearing fast. Used in conjunction with flexible planning, efficiency requires a customer’s participation in service delivery. Using this approach many firms adopted that principle understands it as clients’ participation in planning which have the potential to improve the quality of their work. Any improvement here is said to be beneficial. Important in the above is the recognition that involvement of clients in examining problems and seeking to develop solutions is only one part of the efficiency approach. Moreover, all manner of developments and improvements are discussed in the context of the strategy that management has agreed upon in order to turn the company around. Through involvement of all parties and by bringing in new skills new ways of doing things are sought. Ritzer’s concept of ‘efficiency’ shows that involvement of a customer/client in service delivery process helps companies to reduce operational costs and time. Ritzer underlines that a modern consumer pays for this privilege. Beyond this it is essential that customers are given a chance to seek out and develop cost-effective solutions. Works Cited Ritzer, G. The McDonaldization of Society. Pine Forge Press; 2000. How to cite McDonaldization of Society, Essay examples

Assumption of Risk Who is to Blame For Our Action Essay Example For Students

Assumption of Risk: Who is to Blame For Our Action Essay sAssumption of Risk: Who is to Blame For Our ActionsThe doctrine of assumption of risk clearly defines the responsibilityof all voluntary actions taken on by individuals, independent of the inherentrisk or danger involved with such actions. Are we only to assume responsibilityfor the positive outcomes of our actions, without also accepting the negativeoutcomes as well? Most individuals only claim responsibility in cases in whichthey are fully responsible for their actions. Living within a country whichhouses a large amount of private enterprise, we often find ourselves relying onoutside help. In many occasions we, the individual seeking assistance, hold thepower to choose which avenue of help will be taken. In these cases in which wehave the choice, should we not also be held responsible for the outcomes of ourdecisions, especially in cases in which we have been pre-warned about anyinherent risks or dangers? For example, When we take it upon ourselves to driveon a private road, smoke cigarettes, work for a mining company, or fly on adiscount airline at our own volition, do we tacitly consent to takeresponsibility for any outcome these actions may hold? The assumption of riskdoctrine seems to ignore the fundamental obligation of entities to ensure theirnatural goals. The distinguishing factor in deciding responsibility infaultless cases which call on the assumption of risk doctrine is the controlheld by individuals after the situation has begun. In accordance, companiessuch as discount airlines and cigarette companies must take on theresponsibility of completing their duties, while individuals who chose to workin a mine or drive on a private road must accept the responsibility of theiractions to do so. All airlines hold the responsibility of transporting their customersfrom a point of origin to a previously designated destination. The person whoagrees to buy a discount airline ticket, which warns to fly at your own risk,is entitled to receive the minimum service of transportation provided by theairline. The individual traveler should assume no other benefits other thantransportation. The airline company claims this act of transportation to be itsgoal of services rendered. Independent of difficulties which may arise incompleting this goal, the airline may not alter the basic duty which it iscontractually obligated to perform. The airline tacitly consented to performthis basic duty the moment they began transporting individuals for an acceptedpayment. Once an individual has boarded the airplane they render all controlover their safety to the accepting airline which holds the minimumresponsibility of returning the individual back to a state of safety once theirduty is complete. The me re nature of airplane transportation forces theindividual to render total control over themselves to the airline. Thistransfer of control holds the airline responsible for any action which may occurdue to the obvious lack of responsibility in the hands of the individual. Oncethe plane has closed the cabin they withhold all control of an individual overthemselves, and must grant the service promised. The individual may demand theright to existence and hold the company liable once they hold the power todictate all aspects of the situation. One problem which arises within the situation is that of somethinghappening which the airline holds no control over. Any difficulties which arisedue to the daily routine of the airplane fall under the responsibility of theairline. Even occurrences which are deemed unavoidable fall under theresponsibility of the airline because they hold total responsibility of theirclients once the cabin is closed. Due to the complete control the airline holdson the situation it may be assumed that the doctrine of assumption of riskapplies solely to the airline. In creating a situation in which the individualmust give up his/her right to self-substinance the airline holds fullresponsibility for any actions taken which may effect the safety of itspassengers. Anytime the airline engages in profit making acts, such as cuttingcosts, they increase the risk upon themselves in return for extra monetarybenefits. Monique Abdelsayed EssayAlthough the company acknowledges the dangers of working in the mines, it is thedecision of the workers to accept the risk or find less hazardous job. Theindividual holds the power to work in the mine or not. Unlike smoking, the mineholds no addictive qualities which force the workers to stay. The workerassumes full responsibility for his/her actions due to the choice to work in ahazardous area. Since the company never gains control over the worker, theworker stays in full control of the situation given the apparent risks involved. The only instance in which the mining company gains some power over theindividual is in the case of monetary concerns. If the individual can onlyobtain work at the mine and relies upon the income produced, it seems clear thatthe company then holds some power over the individual. Although, this power islimited by the mind set of the individual to determine the actual importance ofmonetary gains. Since the mine holds no addictive quality which forces theindividual to work, the worker holds a free mind to decide what qualities oflife are most important. This freedom to decide releases the company fromresponsibility of any problems which may arise as a result of the mine work, andplaces all burden on the individual. Some may argue that the mining company holds some responsibility overthe well-being of its employees. These beliefs support the idea that thecompany should provide the greatest amount of safety precautions for theirworkers. This can be witnessed through the use of safety equipment, medical aid,and protective gear. Since the company has already warned about the risks, itbecomes the burden of the individual to purchase these items for themselves. The company only holds the obligations to inform the workers of such availableequipment. If the workers feel this is unfair they may quit working andpossibly force employers to engage in such safety precautions. Theresponsibility of providing payment for work is the only act which must be takenon by the employer after they have given the warnings about the dangers ofmining. The rest of the responsibility lies in the hands of the miners who holdthe power to decide where they work. The final case regarding responsibility of actions lies on a privateroad which warns individuals of falling rocks. The sign posted at the beginningof the road clearly states any dangers and makes the reader aware of theapparent risks. The fundamental obligation of the road is similar to that ofthe airplane in that it must provide a means for transportation from point A topoint B. However, the road differs from the plane in that the person driving isin control of the situation at all times, and never gives up control over theiractions. The speed of travel, length of stay on the road, and the decision totravel on the road are all decisions made by the individual and have a directeffect on the safety of the individual. In this case the driver becomesresponsible for his actions on the road. The owner of the road met therequirements set upon him by providing means of transport and warning of anydanger; all other responsibility lies in the able hands of the individualdriving the automobile . The responsibility of any given action remains in the hands of those incontrol of the action at any given time. As seen in the airplane and cigaretteexamples, proper warning does not warrant lack of responsibility if theindividual holds no control over the outcome of the action. The mining companyand private road examples show how responsibility lies in the hands of theindividual as long as control over the situation is also controlled by theindividual. It is clear to see that responsibility for any given action remainsin the hands of those who hold control over the situation. Philosophy